[3.13] gh-127537: Add __class_getitem__ to the python implementation of functools.partial (GH-127537) (#128281)

gh-127537: Add __class_getitem__ to the python implementation of functools.partial (GH-127537)
(cherry picked from commit 401bba6b58497ce59e7b45ad33e43ae8c67abcb9)

Co-authored-by: CF Bolz-Tereick <cfbolz@gmx.de>