gh-95051: ensure that timeouts scheduled with `asyncio.Timeout` that have already expired are deliverered promptly (GH-95109) (GH-95216)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>
(cherry picked from commit 0c6f898005099be189ee65bcfda659f5fc13b802)

Co-authored-by: Thomas Grainger <tagrain@gmail.com>