Fix the internals of our hash functions to used unsigned values during hash

computation as the overflow behavior of signed integers is undefined.

In practice we require compiling everything with -fwrapv which forces overflow
to be defined as twos compliment but this keeps the code cleaner for checkers
or in the case where someone has compiled it without -fwrapv or their
compiler's equivalent.

Found by Clang trunk's Undefined Behavior Sanitizer (UBSan).

Cleanup only - no functionality or hash values change.