bpo-13097: ctypes: limit callback to 1024 arguments (GH-19914)

ctypes now raises an ArgumentError when a callback
is invoked with more than 1024 arguments.

The ctypes module allocates arguments on the stack in
ctypes_callproc() using alloca(), which is problematic
when large numbers of arguments are passed. Instead
of a stack overflow, this commit raises an ArgumentError
if more than 1024 parameters are passed.