gh-102153: Start stripping C0 control and space chars in `urlsplit` (#102508)

`urllib.parse.urlsplit` has already been respecting the WHATWG spec a bit #25595.

This adds more sanitizing to respect the "Remove any leading C0 control or space from input" [rule](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-parsing:~:text=Remove%20any%20leading%20and%20trailing%20C0%20control%20or%20space%20from%20input.) in response to [CVE-2023-24329](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24329).

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Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith [Google] <greg@krypto.org>