bpo-45412: Remove Py_SET_ERRNO_ON_MATH_ERROR() macro (GH-28820)

Remove the following math macros using the errno variable:

* Py_ADJUST_ERANGE1()
* Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2()
* Py_OVERFLOWED()
* Py_SET_ERANGE_IF_OVERFLOW()
* Py_SET_ERRNO_ON_MATH_ERROR()

Create pycore_pymath.h internal header file.

Rename Py_ADJUST_ERANGE1() and Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2() to
_Py_ADJUST_ERANGE1() and _Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2(), and convert these
macros to static inline functions.

Move the following macros to pycore_pymath.h:

* _Py_IntegralTypeSigned()
* _Py_IntegralTypeMax()
* _Py_IntegralTypeMin()
* _Py_InIntegralTypeRange()