[3.12] gh-114149: [Enum] revert GH-114196 and add more tuple-subclass tests (GH-114215) (GH-114218)

gh-114149: [Enum] revert GH-114160 and add more tuple-subclass tests (GH-114215)

This reverts commit 05e142b1543eb9662d6cc33722e7e16250c9219f.
(cherry picked from commit 4c7e09d0129dafddba58979ced9580f856f65efa)

Co-authored-by: Ethan Furman <ethan@stoneleaf.us>