[3.12] gh-130283: update deprecated links and examples in `urllib.request` docs (GH-130284) (#131627)

gh-130283: update deprecated links and examples in `urllib.request` docs (GH-130284)
(cherry picked from commit fd459b115330b089da26a0555f45afced597942a)

Co-authored-by: Kanishk Pachauri <itskanishkp.py@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>