gh-94673: Add Per-Interpreter Storage for Static Builtin Types (#95255)

This is the last precursor to storing tp_subclasses (and tp_weaklist) on the interpreter state for static builtin types.

Here we add per-type storage on PyInterpreterState, but only for the static builtin types.  This involves the following:

* add PyInterpreterState.types
   * move PyInterpreterState.type_cache to it
   * add a "num_builtins_initialized" field
   * add a "builtins" field (a static array big enough for all the static builtin types)
* add _PyStaticType_GetState() to look up a static builtin type's state
* (temporarily) add PyTypeObject.tp_static_builtin_index (to hold the type's index into PyInterpreterState.types.builtins)

We will be eliminating tp_static_builtin_index in a later change.