[3.12] gh-121018: Ensure ArgumentParser.parse_args with exit_on_error=False raises instead of exiting when given unrecognized arguments (GH-121019) (GH-121031)

(cherry picked from commit 0654336dd5138aec04e3017e15ccbb90a44e053d)

Co-authored-by: blhsing <blhsing@gmail.com>