[3.12] Docs: Align multiprocessing.shared_memory docs with Sphinx recommendations (#114103) (#114112)

(cherry picked from commit af852740862169cf3e8789a13b86a7b1d03b91db)

- add :class: and :mod: markups where needed
- fix incorrect escaping of a star in ShareableList arg spec
- mark up parameters with stars: *val*
- mark up list of built-in types using list markup
- remove unneeded parentheses from :meth: markups