gh-110014: Remove PY_TIMEOUT_MAX from limited C API (#110217)

If the timeout is greater than PY_TIMEOUT_MAX,
PyThread_acquire_lock_timed() uses a timeout of PY_TIMEOUT_MAX
microseconds, which is around 280.6 years. This case is unlikely and
limiting a timeout to 280.6 years sounds like a reasonable trade-off.

The constant PY_TIMEOUT_MAX is not used in PyPI top 5,000 projects.