gh-83714: Check for struct statx.stx_atomic_write_unit_max_opt in configure (#140185)

stx_atomic_write_unit_max_opt was added in Linux 6.16, but is controlled
by the STATX_WRITE_ATOMIC mask bit added in Linux 6.11.  That's safe at
runtime because all kernels clear the reserved space in struct statx and
zero is a valid value for stx_atomic_write_unit_max_opt, and it avoids
allocating another mask bit, which are a limited resource.  But it also
means the kernel headers don't provide a way to check whether
stx_atomic_write_unit_max_opt exists, so add a configure check.