[3.13] gh-124513: Check args in framelocalsproxy_new() (GH-124515) (#124539)

gh-124513: Check args in framelocalsproxy_new() (GH-124515)

Fix a crash in FrameLocalsProxy constructor: check the number of
arguments.
(cherry picked from commit d6954b6421aa34afd280df9c44ded21a2348a6ea)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>