[3.12] gh-128078: Use `PyErr_SetRaisedException` in `_PyGen_SetStopIterationValue` (GH-128287) (#128790)

gh-128078: Use `PyErr_SetRaisedException` in `_PyGen_SetStopIterationValue` (GH-128287)
(cherry picked from commit 402b91da87052878b4e7e8946ba91bdf4ee4bebe)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <kumaraditya@python.org>