[3.13] gh-122666: Tests for ast optimizations (GH-122667) (#123359)

(cherry picked from commit 9f9b00d52ceafab6c183e8b0f502071d59dc6d22)

Co-authored-by: Kirill Podoprigora <kirill.bast9@mail.ru>
Co-authored-by: Sergey B Kirpichev <skirpichev@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>