[3.10] gh-129641: Docs GHA build: use upload-artifact@v4 & Python 3.12 (#129642)

* [3.10] gh-129641: Switch Docs GHA build to actions/upload-artifact@v4

Add options for backwards compatibility, from the docs at:
https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact?tab=readme-ov-file#breaking-changes

* Python Tutorial typo fix (#128077)

Backported form commit: 5a584c8f54bbeceae7ffa501291e29b7ddc8a0b9

This is a trivial change meant to trigger a Docs build.

* Use Python 3.12 for the 3.10 docs build

The pinned version of Sphinx requires `imghdr`, removed in Python 3.13.

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Co-authored-by: shallow-beach <96891913+shallow-beach@users.noreply.github.com>