bpo-44232: Fix type_new() error reporting (GH-26359) (GH-26365)

Fix a regression in type() when a metaclass raises an exception. The
C function type_new() must properly report the exception when a
metaclass constructor raises an exception and the winner class is not
the metaclass.
(cherry picked from commit bd199e72fb60a8ff001a023f23925092a290be91)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>