bpo-36142: _PyPreConfig_Write() sets the allocator (GH-12186)

* _PyPreConfig_Write() now sets the memory allocator.
* _PyPreConfig_Write() gets a return type: _PyInitError.
* _Py_InitializeCore() now reads and writes the pre-configuration
  (set the memory allocator, configure the locale) before reading and
  writing the core configuration.