[3.11] gh-95185: Check recursion depth in the AST constructor (GH-95186) (GH-95208)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 00474472944944b346d8409cfded84bb299f601a)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo Salgado <Pablogsal@gmail.com>