[3.12] gh-110241: Add missing error check to `record_eval` in `_testinternalcapi` (GH-110242) (#110244)

gh-110241: Add missing error check to `record_eval` in `_testinternalcapi` (GH-110242)
(cherry picked from commit 4596c76d1a7650fd4650c814dc1d40d664cd8fb4)

Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>