[3.13] gh-117657: Make Py_TYPE and Py_SET_TYPE thread safe (GH-120165) (GH-120403)

gh-117657: Make Py_TYPE and Py_SET_TYPE thread safe (GH-120165)
(cherry picked from commit e16aed63f64b18a26859eff3de976ded373e66b8)

Co-authored-by: Ken Jin <kenjin@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Nadeshiko Manju <me@manjusaka.me>