[3.12] GH-109408: Move the Python file whitespace check from patchcheck to pre-commit (GH-109891) (#110633)

GH-109408: Move the Python file whitespace check from patchcheck to pre-commit (GH-109891)
(cherry picked from commit 08ec4a1dbf66383303de9ce5cb55b2b437ef92c0)

Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>