gh-106320: Remove private _PyInterpreterState functions (#106335)

Remove private _PyThreadState and _PyInterpreterState C API
functions: move them to the internal C API (pycore_pystate.h and
pycore_interp.h). Don't export most of these functions anymore, but
still export functions used by tests.

Remove _PyThreadState_Prealloc() and _PyThreadState_Init() from the C
API, but keep it in the stable API.