bpo-31975 (PEP 565): Show DeprecationWarning in __main__ (GH-4458)

- primary change is to add a new default filter entry for
  'default::DeprecationWarning:__main__'
- secondary change is an internal one to cope with plain
  strings in the warning module's internal filter list
  (this avoids the need to create a compiled regex object
  early on during interpreter startup)
- assorted documentation updates, including many more
  examples of configuring the warnings settings
- additional tests to ensure that both the pure Python and
  the C accelerated warnings modules have the expected
  default configuration