[3.12] gh-107178: Add the C API tests for the Abstract Objects Layer (GH-107179) (#107728)

Cover all the Mapping Protocol, almost all the Sequence Protocol
(except PySequence_Fast) and a part of the Object Protocol.

Move existing tests to Lib/test/test_capi/test_abstract.py and
Modules/_testcapi/abstract.c.

Add also tests for PyDict C API..
(cherry picked from commit 16c9415fba4972743f1944ebc44946e475e68bc4)