[3.12] gh-82951: Fix serializing by name in pickle protocols < 4 (GH-122149) (GH-122265)

Serializing objects with complex __qualname__ (such as unbound methods and
nested classes) by name no longer involves serializing parent objects by value
in pickle protocols < 4.
(cherry picked from commit dc07f65a53baf60d9857186294d3d7ba92d5606d)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>