gh-100372: Use BIO_eof to detect EOF for SSL_FILETYPE_ASN1 (GH-100373)

In PEM, we need to parse until error and then suppress `PEM_R_NO_START_LINE`, because PEM allows arbitrary leading and trailing data. DER, however, does not. Parsing until error and suppressing `ASN1_R_HEADER_TOO_LONG` doesn't quite work because that error also covers some cases that should be rejected.

Instead, check `BIO_eof` early and stop the loop that way.

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:Yhg1s