[3.13] gh-105836: Fix `asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe` leaving underlying cancelled asyncio task running (GH-141696) (#142359)

gh-105836: Fix `asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe` leaving underlying cancelled asyncio task running (GH-141696)
(cherry picked from commit 14715e3a64a674629c781d4a3dd11143ba010990)

Co-authored-by: Kaisheng Xu <iaalmsimon@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <kumaraditya@python.org>