bpo-31327: Update time documentation to reflect possible errors (GH-31460)

As per the comments, this mirrors the [datetime documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.htmlGH-datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp).

```
>>> import time
>>> time.localtime(999999999999999999999)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
OverflowError: timestamp out of range for platform time_t
>>> time.localtime(-3600)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
OSError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument
```
(cherry picked from commit c83fc9c02c9846ec3a2d0123999c98e02f00b3f5)

Co-authored-by: slateny <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>