gh-116195: Implements a fast path for nt.getppid (GH-116205)

Use the NtQueryInformationProcess system call to efficiently retrieve the parent process ID in a single step, rather than using the process snapshots API which retrieves large amounts of unnecessary information and is more prone to failure (since it makes heap allocations).

Includes a fallback to the original win32_getppid implementation in case the unstable API appears to return strange results.