gh-117764: Add more tests for signatures of builtins (GH-117816)

Test signatures of all public builtins and methods of builtin classes
in modules builtins, types, sys, and several other modules (either
included in the list of standard builtin modules sys.builtin_module_names,
or providing a public interface for such modules).

Most builtins should have supported signatures, with few known exceptions.
When more builtins will be converted to Argument Clinic or support of
new signatures be implemented, they will be removed from the exception
lists.