[3.11] gh-110662: multiprocessing test_async_timeout() increase timeout (GH-110663) (#110675)

gh-110662: multiprocessing test_async_timeout() increase timeout (GH-110663)

Increase timeout from 1 second to 30 seconds, if not longer. The
important part is that apply_async() takes longer than TIMEOUT2.
(cherry picked from commit 790ecf6302e47b84da5d1c3b14dbdf070bce615b)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>