[3.11] gh-95273: Improve documented return values and exceptions raised for sqlite3 class methods (GH-95530) (#95673)

Co-authored-by: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 12d92c733cfc00ee630b30e4e0250da400c83395)

Co-authored-by: Erlend Egeberg Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>