[3.14] gh-127146: Emscripten: more regular stack overflow skips (GH-136708) (#136712)

Makes the Emscripten stack overflow skip message consistent with WASI,
and replaces some ad-hoc skips.
(cherry picked from commit c730952aa64b790c75c437cb63a1242dc08c2e97)

Co-authored-by: Hood Chatham <roberthoodchatham@gmail.com>