[3.12] CI: Include Python version in cache.config key (GH-111410) (#111421)

CI: Include Python version in cache.config key (GH-111410)

* Include Python version in cache.config key, after Python setup

* Remove EOL 3.7 from branch triggers
(cherry picked from commit 9d4a1a480b65196c3aabbcd2d165d1fb86d0c8e5)

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>