bpo-38823: Fix refleaks in _ctypes extension init (GH-23247)

Fix reference leaks in the error path of the initialization function
the _ctypes extension module: call Py_DECREF(mod) on error.

Change PyCFuncPtr_Type name from _ctypes.PyCFuncPtr to
_ctypes.CFuncPtr to be consistent with the name exposed in the
_ctypes namespace (_ctypes.CFuncPtr).

Split PyInit__ctypes() function into sub-functions and add macros for
readability.