[3.12] gh-128840: Limit the number of parts in IPv6 address parsing (GH-128841) (#134612)

gh-128840: Limit the number of parts in IPv6 address parsing (GH-128841)

GH-128840: Limit the number of parts in IPv6 address parsing
Limit length of IP address string to 39

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(cherry picked from commit 47f1161d3a2bec52b5b5e952150141709c247da2)

Co-authored-by: Seth Michael Larson <seth@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>