[3.12] gh-108732: include comprehension locals in frame.f_locals (GH-109026) (#109097)

gh-108732: include comprehension locals in frame.f_locals (GH-109026)
(cherry picked from commit f2584eade378910b9ea18072bb1dab3dd58e23bb)

Co-authored-by: Carl Meyer <carl@oddbird.net>
Co-authored-by: Radislav Chugunov <52372310+chgnrdv@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>