[3.13] gh-130932: Fix incorrect exception handling in _PyModule_IsPossiblyShadowing (GH-130934) (#130939)

gh-130932: Fix incorrect exception handling in _PyModule_IsPossiblyShadowing (GH-130934)

I chose to not raise an exception here because I think it would be
confusing for module attribute access to start raising something other
than AttributeError if e.g. the cwd goes away

Without the change in moduleobject.c
```
./python.exe -m unittest test.test_import.ImportTests.test_script_shadowing_stdlib_cwd_failure
...
Assertion failed: (PyErr_Occurred()), function _PyObject_SetAttributeErrorContext, file object.c, line 1253.
```
(cherry picked from commit 0a9ae5ed48e6ea078f67ba03635c1c26209b5def)

Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>