[3.11] gh-107801: Improve the accuracy of io.IOBase.seek docs (#108268) (#108656)

(cherry picked from commit 8178a88bd81edae87d6974483e4de9b32e808797)

- Add param docstrings
- Link to os.SEEK_* constants
- Mention the return value in the initial paragraph

Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>