[3.11] gh-128840: Limit the number of parts in IPv6 address parsing (GH-128841) (GH-134613)

Limit length of IP address string to 39

(cherry picked from commit 47f1161d3a2bec52b5b5e952150141709c247da2)

Co-authored-by: Seth Michael Larson <seth@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>