[3.12] gh-101100: Docs: Check Sphinx warnings and fail if improved (GH-106460) (#108116)

* gh-101100: Docs: Check Sphinx warnings and fail if improved (#106460)

(cherry picked from commit 806d7c98a5da5c1fd2e52a5b666f36ca4f545092)

* [3.12] gh-101100: Docs: Check Sphinx warnings and fail if improved (GH-106460).
(cherry picked from commit 806d7c98a5da5c1fd2e52a5b666f36ca4f545092)

Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>

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Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>