[3.10] bpo-46110: Add a recursion check to avoid stack overflow in the PEG parser (GH-30177) (GH-30214)

Co-authored-by: Batuhan Taskaya <isidentical@gmail.com>.
(cherry picked from commit e9898bf153d26059261ffef11f7643ae991e2a4c)

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo Salgado <Pablogsal@gmail.com>