[3.13] gh-123880: Allow recursive import of single-phase-init modules (GH-123950) (#124273)

gh-123880: Allow recursive import of single-phase-init modules (GH-123950)

(cherry picked from commit aee219f4558dda619bd86e4b0e028ce47a5e4b77)

Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>