bpo-43244: Fix test_peg_generator for PyAST_Validate() (GH-24912)

test_peg_generator now defines _Py_TEST_PEGEN macro when building C
code to not call PyAST_Validate() in Parser/pegen.c. Moreover, it
defines Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro to get access to the internal
C API.

Remove "global_ast_state" from Python-ast.c when it's built by
test_peg_generator: always get the AST state from the current interpreter.