[3.11] gh-112194: Convert more examples to doctests in `typing.py` (GH-112195) (#112209)

gh-112194: Convert more examples to doctests in `typing.py` (GH-112195)
(cherry picked from commit 949b2cc6eae6ef4f3312dfd4e2650a138446fe77)

Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>
Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>