gh-69093: Support basic incremental I/O to blobs in `sqlite3` (GH-30680)

Authored-by: Aviv Palivoda <palaviv@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@innova.no>
Co-authored-by: palaviv <palaviv@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>