Auto merge of #135707 - jyn514:linker-messages-2, r=bjorn3

Shorten linker output even more when `--verbose` is not present

- Don't show environment variables. Seeing PATH is almost never useful, and it can be extremely long.
- For .rlibs in the sysroot, replace crate hashes with a `"-*"` string. This will expand to the full crate name when pasted into the shell.
- Move `.rlib` to outside the glob.
- Abbreviate the sysroot path to `<sysroot>` wherever it appears in the arguments.

This also adds an example of the linker output as a run-make test. Currently it only runs on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, because each platform has its own linker arguments. So that it's stable across machines, pass BUILD_ROOT as an argument through compiletest through to run-make tests.

r? `@bjorn3`

try-job: aarch64-apple