feat: Implement Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (#12596)

- Added PCA implementation with dataset standardization.
- Used Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for computing principal components.
- Fixed import sorting to comply with PEP 8 (Ruff I001).
- Ensured type hints and docstrings for better readability.
- Added doctests to validate correctness.
- Passed all Ruff checks and automated tests.